Construyeron un puente que atravesara el río.

Why is the subjunctive mood being using here?

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It indicates the intended purpose of the bridge. They built a bridge that was supposed to go across the river. It does not say whether they succeeded, so there is some uncertainty that is eminently expressed by the subjunctive.

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English Sentence

They built a bridge across the river.

I find that the Spanish translation has been changed to use atraviesa instead of atravesara, but frankly I think the best solution is “un puente a través del río”.

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