Consiguió que la máquina funcionara.

Is the subjunctive correct in this sentence? If so, why?

The only thing I can imagine is that he/she claimed to have fixed the machine but there was some doubt that it actually worked. So, “He/She fixed the machine so it would work.”

It is. I don’t really know how to explain it actually. But that’s the “Pretérito imperfecto” of “funcionar”.
funcionara / funcionase.

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The subjunctive is required here - it expresses finality: somebody made it so that the machine would work. “Hacer que” works the same way.

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Thanks, @morbrorper and @adrianxu.

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