English Translation
Where did everyone else go?
Should this be hingehen?
More literally, the german sentence translates to “Where have all the others gone to?”
So it’s present perfect, as opposed to the simple past that the english translation uses, and “sind” is the auxiliary verb here, as movement verbs use “sein” instead of “haben” as their auxiliary verb.
“hin” here is kind of a colloquial shortening for “hingegangen”.
“hingehen” would be wrong, as “sind” + an infinitive is not a valid grammatical construct. However, if you replace “sind” with “werden”, it would work, because “werden hingehen” is Futur I.
So “Wo werden die anderen alle hingehen?” is valid, although the shortening to only “hin” does not work in that case.
Also noteworthy is the fact that german more often than english does not need “gehen/to go” as a verb when a destination is specified. While “Ich will raus” and “I want out” both work, “Ich will dorthin” works and “I want there” doesn’t. This omission does not work with future tense, i.e. “Ich werde dorthin” still needs “gehen”. But in combination with “sein” it often works, as demonstrated by the topic’s sentence.
I also feel that “hin” has a slightly different meaning from “hingegangen”, expressing the surprise and confusion of the speaker about the fact that everyone suddenly disappeared, while “hingegangen” sounds more neutral. Maybe that’s another reason why it doesn’t work with the future tense - because you can’t be surprised about something that has not happened yet.
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Thanks, that’s very detailed and helpful.