English Translation
He took adequate clothes for a weekend trip.
The accent and pause of TTS sounds unnatural. The TTS means “On weekend, he brought clothes enough for a trip” - i.e. It doesn’t specify whether the trip is only for weekend or not. He departed home for a trip was weekend. But he may or may not return at the end of the weekend.
間に合う程度の衣類を持っていった is understandable but unnatural, especially the 程度の part. 程度 is primarily used to “the degree”, not “the amount/number”. My alternative translation is:
彼は週末旅行に必要十分な衣類を持っていった。（かれはしゅうまつりょこうにひつようじゅうぶんないるいをもっていった）
携帯する means “to carry with oneself”, and in interchangeable with 持っていった in this sentence.
必要十分な is a compound adjective. 必要な = necessary; and 十分な = enough. so 必要十分な means “not too much and not too insufficient” = “the right amount/number of”.